In Washington State, the surge in personal mobility options like electric scooters, mopeds, and e-bikes has reshaped how people navigate cities. In Seattle, you’ll often see commuters weaving through Pike Place Market’s narrow streets or crossing the busy thoroughfares of Capitol Hill, where public transit options are limited. In Spokane, paths like the Centennial Trail are frequented by both locals and visitors who prefer an eco-friendly alternative to cars, particularly on sunny weekends when parking can be scarce.
Understanding Washington’s regulations on these vehicles is essential for a safe, smooth ride across its diverse cityscapes.
What is Micro Mobility?
Micro-mobility is all about convenient, short-distance travel options in busy urban areas. You’ve probably noticed electric scooters, shared bikes, and even Segways popping up all over cities since around 2010. With the simple scan of a QR code, you’re ready to hop on and go, bridging the gap for those trips that are just a bit too long to walk. These small, easy-to-use vehicles have quickly become popular with both locals and tourists, making it easier to reach the last leg of your journey, whether it’s from a transit stop to work or exploring the city more sustainably.
Mopeds
It’s commonly believed that “moped” and “scooter” refer to the same type of vehicle, yet they’re actually distinct, each with unique regulations and licensing requirements. Although both may have two or three wheels, mopeds are smaller and designed for lower speeds compared to scooters. Mopeds typically have compact engines, limited to a maximum of 30 miles per hour. Generally, a moped’s engine is under 50 cubic centimeters, while a scooter engine is usually 50 cubic centimeters or larger.
Moped Regulations in Washington State
In Washington State, moped operators must follow specific guidelines set by the Washington State Legislature:
- License Requirements: No special license or endorsement is needed if the moped has an engine under 50 cubic centimeters, cannot exceed 30 mph, and produces less than 2 brake horsepower. However, a valid Washington driver’s license is mandatory, along with registration for the moped.
- Insurance: Unlike motorcyclists, moped owners aren’t required to carry liability insurance.
- Highway Usage: Mopeds must be registered with an assigned registration number and display a valid moped permit to be operated on state highways.
- Path and Sidewalk Restrictions: It is unlawful to operate a moped on bicycle paths, bikeways, equestrian trails, hiking paths, recreational trails, or sidewalks. This restriction also applies to motorized foot scooters and class 3 electric-assisted bicycles.
- Muffler and Pollution Control: Removing muffling devices or pollution control components from a moped is illegal.
- Lane splitting—driving between lanes of slow or stopped traffic in the same direction—is illegal for motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds in Washington.
Violating this law can result in:
- A fine of $386.
- Possible impoundment of your vehicle.
Electric Bikes & Scooters in Washington State
In Washington State, electric-assisted bicycles (e-bikes) and motorized foot scooters are subject to specific regulations that facilitate their use in the transportation landscape:
- Highway Access: Both e-bikes and motorized foot scooters are allowed on state highways and can be parked in a manner similar to traditional bicycles.
- Shared-Use Paths: Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes and motorized foot scooters can operate on shared-use paths and designated bicycle lanes. However, local jurisdictions and state agencies have the authority to impose restrictions on their use, which may differ across locations. Uniform regulations are required for shared paths that cross different jurisdictions to ensure enforceability.
- EPAMD Regulations: The operation of Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Devices (EPAMDs) may be regulated under specific conditions. Municipalities may prohibit their use on public highways where speed limits exceed 25 mph and can also impose speed limits in areas with heavy pedestrian traffic. Additionally, local governments may regulate EPAMD usage in recreational or conservation areas to ensure safety and coexistence with other users.
Class 1 E-Bikes:
Class 1 e-bikes are equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling. The motor ceases to assist once the bicycle reaches a speed of 20 mph. These bicycles are designed to enhance the pedaling experience while promoting physical activity, making them suitable for a range of cyclists. Class 1 e-bikes are allowed to be operated on all designated bicycle paths and trails, ensuring access to a variety of recreational areas, unless local regulations impose specific prohibitions.
Class 2 E-Bikes:
In contrast, Class 2 e-bikes feature a motor that can engage independently of pedaling. This means that riders can use a throttle to activate the motor without the need to pedal. Like Class 1 e-bikes, the motor assistance for Class 2 bikes also cuts off at 20 mph. These bikes offer greater flexibility for riders who may prefer a less physically demanding mode of transport. Class 2 e-bikes share similar access rights to Class 1 e-bikes, being allowed on bicycle paths and trails, subject to local jurisdiction restrictions.
Scooter Regulations in Washington State
In Washington, scooters have a few unique rules to keep riders safe and in compliance with state law. Generally, a scooter has two or three wheels, a 50cc engine or larger, and can go faster than 30 miles per hour. Unlike many states, Washington does not require riders to register scooters or hold a driver’s license. While there’s no state helmet requirement, it’s important to remember that safety gear is still a smart choice.
Washington is one of the few states that restricts scooters from being ridden on sidewalks, keeping pedestrian areas safer. Where scooters are allowed, they can typically travel between 10 and 20 miles per hour. If you’re riding on a road or bicycle lane, the top speed limit is 15 miles per hour. And, if you’re riding at night, the scooter must have reflectors approved by the state patrol—making it illegal to ride in the dark without them.
Each city may have additional requirements. For example, in Battle Ground, riders must be 16 or older to operate a scooter in public areas, and helmets are required for everyone. Passengers aren’t allowed, and scooters must have lights for night use, brakes that can skid on dry pavement, and mufflers to control noise. Scooters should also have a motor that can be disengaged when necessary.
Finally, using scooters on sidewalks, public walkways, city parks, and roads with speed limits over 25 miles per hour is prohibited. Additionally, operating a scooter in a reckless or negligent way is against the law, emphasizing the need for responsible riding. By following these rules, riders can enjoy their scooters while keeping Washington’s roads and trails safer for everyone.
Battle Ground Scooter-Specific Rules
The city of Battle Ground has established its own rules for electric and motorized foot scooters, prioritizing safety and community standards:
- Minimum Age: Riders must be at least 16-years-old to operate a scooter in public areas.
Helmet Requirement: All riders, regardless of age, must wear an approved helmet with a secure chin or neck strap. - Passenger Restrictions: Only one person per scooter; no passengers are allowed.
Night Use: Scooters must have a front lamp that meets specific brightness standards, along with proper reflectors. - Braking and Mufflers: Scooters must have brakes that can cause a controlled skid on dry pavement and mufflers to control noise.
- Drive Motor: Scooters need the ability to disengage the motor when needed.
- Prohibited Areas: Scooters are banned from sidewalks, city-owned parking lots, parks, and any streets with speed limits over 25 mph.
In Conclusion
Navigating Washington’s streets with electric scooters, mopeds, and e-bikes can be a fun and eco-friendly way to explore the city. However, it’s crucial to prioritize safety while enjoying these convenient travel options. By following state regulations and local guidelines—such as adhering to speed limits, wearing helmets, and respecting designated riding areas—riders can ensure a safer experience for themselves and others.